How much greater is hemoglobin's affinity for carbon monoxide compared to oxygen?

Hemoglobin has a significantly higher affinity for carbon monoxide compared to oxygen, primarily due to the way both gases bind to the heme group in hemoglobin. The affinity of hemoglobin for carbon monoxide is approximately 200 to 300 times greater than that for oxygen.

This increased affinity means that even small amounts of carbon monoxide in the bloodstream can effectively displace oxygen, leading to reduced oxygen transport to tissues and cells. This phenomenon occurs because carbon monoxide binds with heme groups in a way that stabilizes its binding and diminishes the ability of hemoglobin to release oxygen. As a result, carbon monoxide poisoning can occur, as it prevents adequate oxygen delivery to vital organs.

Understanding this affinity is crucial for those in mining and other industries where carbon monoxide exposure can be a risk, highlighting the importance of monitoring air quality and ensuring that adequate ventilation is provided in work environments to protect workers' health.